Exploring raspberry pi pdf free download

Next, you'll learn how to make parts work together to achieve the goals of your project, no matter what type of components you use. The companion website provides a full repository that structures all of the code and scripts, along with links to video tutorials and supplementary content that takes you deeper into your project. The Raspberry Pi's most famous feature is its adaptability. It can be used for thousands of electronic applications, and using the Linux OS expands the functionality even more.

This book helps you get the most from your Raspberry Pi, but it also gives you the fundamental engineering skills you need to incorporate any electronics into any project. Develop the Linux and programming skills you need to build basic applications Build your inventory of parts so you can always "make it work" Understand interfacing, controlling, and communicating with almost any component Explore advanced applications with video, audio, real-world interactions, and more Be free to adapt and create with Exploring Raspberry Pi.

The book begins. In-depth instruction and practical techniques for buildingwith the BeagleBone embedded Linux platform Exploring BeagleBone is a hands-on guide to bringinggadgets, gizmos, and robots to life using the popular BeagleBoneembedded Linux platform. New York: Wiley, , pp. Hi Vidal, Unfortunately they have moved the project to github from git. What a great book!. Very detailed book. Could you provide an example parts page similar to the one you made for Exploring the BeagleBone?

Would help. Hi Charles, apologies for the delay. That is now on my list of things to do as it would be very useful for readers. Thanks, Derek. I bought a copy yesterday because some of the chapters looked promising.

I am pleasantly surprised, I am still in the early chapters, but this is one of the best written Linux guides I have read, and the Pi specific insights excellent.

I will be recommending this book. There are a couple of points I disagree with. The book repeats some of the Urban Myths circulating in Pi circles. The Pi 3. The regulator chip which supplies both 3. Tests indicate up to mA can be used — subject to an adequate power supply. There may be a limit to the total current the GPIO can source, but does not seem to be documented.

If you load each pin with 16mA the total current is mA. The 3V3 supply will collapse under that! Hi there. Thanks for the great feedback. Broadcom has not provided a datasheet with the technical specifications necessary to answer this question definitively.

As such, I had to err on the side of caution. Thanks again, Derek. Great book!. Incredibly useful!! I made a prototype of my project using Raspberry Py, but now, I would like to use one industrial board to make more quantity.

Could you recommend me one? Hi Enrique, Super work and very impressive toaster! You could look at the BeagleBone for the final version. Exploring Arduino makes electrical engineering and embedded software accessible. Learn step by step everything you need to know about electrical engineering, programming, and human-computer interaction through a series of increasingly complex projects.

Arduino guru Jeremy Blum walks you through each build, providing code snippets and schematics that will remain useful for future projects. Projects are accompanied by downloadable source code, tips and tricks, and video tutorials to help you master Arduino. You'll gain the skills you need to develop your own microcontroller projects! This new 2nd edition has been updated to cover the rapidly-expanding Arduino ecosystem, and includes new full-color graphics for easier reference.

Servo motors and stepper motors are covered in richer detail, and you'll find more excerpts about technical details behind the topics covered in the book. Wireless connectivity and the Internet-of-Things are now more prominently featured in the advanced projects to reflect Arduino's growing capabilities. You'll learn how Arduino compares to its competition, and how to determine which board is right for your project. If you're ready to start creating, this book is your ultimate guide!

Get up to date on the evolving Arduino hardware, software, and capabilities Build projects that interface with other devices—wirelessly! Learn the basics of electrical engineering and programming Access downloadable materials and source code for every project Whether you're a first-timer just starting out in electronics, or a pro looking to mock-up more complex builds, Arduino is a fantastic tool for building a variety of devices.

This book offers a comprehensive tour of the hardware itself, plus in-depth introduction to the various peripherals, tools, and techniques used to turn your little Arduino device into something useful, artistic, and educational.

Exploring Arduino is your roadmap to adventure—start your journey today! It's now more important than ever to understand how hardware components interact with the internet to collect and analyze user data. The Internet of Things IoT , combined with the popular open source language Python, can be used to build powerful and intelligent IoT systems with intuitive interfaces.

This book consists of three parts, with the first focusing on the "Internet" component of IoT. The second part delves into the fundamentals behind electronics and GPIO interfacing. As you progress to the last part, you'll focus on the "Things" aspect of IoT, where you will learn how to connect and control a range of electronic sensors and actuators using Python.

You'll also explore a variety of topics, such as motor control, ultrasonic sensors, and temperature measurement. Finally, you'll get up to speed with advanced IoT programming techniques in Python, integrate with IoT visualization and automation platforms, and build a comprehensive IoT project. By the end of this book, you'll be well-versed with IoT development and have the knowledge you need to build sophisticated IoT systems using Python.

It will also be particularly helpful for mid to senior-level software engineers who are experienced in desktop, web, and mobile development, but have little to no experience of electronics, physical computing, and IoT. This book explores how to make a variety of fun and even useful projects, from a web bot to search and download files to a toy to drive your pets insane.

Even if you're completely new to programming in general, you'll see how easy it is to create a home security system, an underwater photography system, an RC plane with a camera, and even a near-space weather balloon with a camera. You'll learn how to use Pi with Arduino as well as Pi with Gertboard, an expansion board with an onboard ATmega microcontroller.

Learn Raspberry Pi Programming with Python has been fully updated in this new edition to cover the features of the new boards. You'll learn how to program in Python on your Raspberry Pi with hands-on examples and fun projects. No programming or Linux skill required, but a little experience with Linux will be helpful. Readers familiar with the 1st edition will enjoy the updated information in this new edition. Written for to year-olds and assuming no prior computing knowledge, this book uses the wildly successful, low-cost, credit-card-sized Raspberry Pi computer to explain fundamental computing concepts.

Young people will enjoy going through the book's nine fun projects while they learn basic programming and system administration skills, starting with the very basics of how to plug in the board and turn it on. Just add imagination! Raspberry Pi Camera Guide. Take pictures and shoot video with your Raspberry Pi.

Connecting a High Quality Camera or Camera Module turns your favourite credit-card-sized computer into a powerful digital camera. Subtracting F1 from F2 leaves a difference of 3, Hz 3 kHz. This is an audio frequency that your audio amplifier can amplify and provide on the speaker. You can even see the dust that has collected on the top of this shame on me. Listen for some dot and dash pulsing. One of the problems you will encounter in this experiment is the fact that your radio will also pick up interference from the running of your Pi, so experiment for best reception.

In Figure , above the speaker end of my receiver, you can see I added some loose wire around the antenna. The other end of the wire was plugged into GPIO 4. The wire was kept short, however, to avoid harming the GPIO port. Avoid doing this if possible it could cause greater interference in your neighborhood. To receive sideband, you will need to fiddle some more. There are upper and lower sidebands, requiring that your BFO be either higher or lower in frequency than the carrier.

With a bit of practice you will turn ducks into human beings. Using the lowest frequency clock of Given that the low E2 string on a guitar is A quick test can be done by hooking up a 4. It will be faint, unless using an amplifier. When using an amplifier, be sure to turn the volume down before you start. This would bring your lowest frequency down to Before you try this experiment, though, you should be aware that transmitting any radio signal is illegal without a license.

Although there are many devices that you can buy that transmit low power signals to FM radios, these have been approved through testing and a licensing procedure. The regulations vary around the globe for enforcement of radio transmissions, but consequences can include having computer and radio equipment confiscated and a lifetime ban on obtaining a radio license. Remember that compliance with the law is your responsibility. With that out of the way, if you choose to accept the risk, here are some other things you should be aware of.

This means there will be many RF harmonics being radiated also. These could represent serious interference to critical radio services. Increasing your transmission range is a bad idea when transmitting illegally. Antennas are subject to static electricity from thunderstorms and other sources. Your Pi will certainly sustain damage if you do this.

Without adequate planning, you also become susceptible to lightning strikes. If you observe some common sense and precautions, you can perform this experiment with relative safety. If you have a stereo or FM receiver, what you can do is improve the receiving antenna on it. I ran a wire from my FM receiver to close proximity of the Pi. In this way, the signal coming from GPIO 4 is no more than any other signal that the Pi itself might radiate, but the receiver sees an increased signal level.

Clock on running: -g 4 Clock off stopped: -g 4 While this runs, turn on your stereo or radio and tune to the MHz point on the dial. Press Control-C to terminate the command. The FM receiver should go quiet when receiving the signal. The receiver noise is from a lack of a signal.

If you have a strong station on Mhz, then try a different frequency. For fun, experiment with the mash and DIVF values. Some combinations can produce interesting sounds on the receiver. We also explored using the clock as a BFO, giving you a taste of some radio theory.

Finally, you saw that radio frequencies can be generated and received on your FM stereo receiver. All of these things demonstrate the flexibility of the Raspberry Pi. Accessed July 16, The PWM peripheral is surprisingly complex, but the complexity is largely due to its flexibility.

This saves us from having to write programs and provides a tool for your general use. See also the piclk command. Many have defaults, shown in brackets. Clock peripheral name GPIO The column marked C for the pipwm output, is one of two values, as shown in Table A Y indicates that the last value used should be sent again if the FIFO is empty or needed data has not been supplied.

The S column indicates the starting bit value for the PWM peripheral 0 or 1. The I column indicates Y if the data is to be inverted on output, or N for normal polarity.

The last column, F, indicates the data source, as shown in Table The mark 1 signal is sent with a length M, and the space 0 signal is sent with a length S-M S is the length of the entire cycle.

Figure illustrates the relationship between M and S for a noninverted signal. The value M determines how many counts of the clock that the signal will be high 1 for a noninverted signal.

Once the count of M is reached, the signal goes low 0 until the count of S is reached. Furthermore, we set the mark count to 30 -M30 out of a maximum count -S So these displayed parameters match what we configured PWM0 to be.

The GtkWave viewer should automatically open after capture. Click ugpio 12 for this example and drag it with your mouse to the Signals subwindow just to the right, to display its trace. If you use ssh to log into your Raspberry Pi, add the -X option to permit the GtkWave viewer to open a window for you. Sometimes the Mac OSX ssh fails after a while to open new windows. Logging out and back in again seems to work around this problem; for example, ssh -X pi With the PWM parameters set, we know that the input clock is operating at kHz or a period of 10 ms.

Examination of the signal trace shows that we have three ticks of high 1 and a remaining seven ticks of low 0. Each of these ticks represent ms. How does this affect the signal noninverted? By using a smaller value of S, we affected an increase of the PWM frequency. This is because there is now a total of 10 ticks from the clock to create a full PWM cycle. What we do know is that one full cycle, with the parameters chosen, lasts 1 ms in time. It also possible to send data rather than fixed values.

This is what the Serialize aspect of the peripheral is all about. Data can be written directly or it can be queued to a FIFO. This makes it possible to generate stereo audio by interleaving the data between left and right channels.

Although audio is an obvious application, other signal applications are possible. Summary In this chapter, the pipwm utility was described in detail to give you another Raspberry Pi 2 tool in your toolbox. Accessed September 7, This sometimes leads to problems and limitations because of missing vital concepts and understanding. I believe this can be largely avoided with a little bit of introduction. I have used LTspice to model an equivalent circuit so that the currents and voltages can be visually plotted for ease of understanding.

This will avoid some electronics theory while keeping the nonelectronics student engaged. Drain 2. Gate 3. NMOS transistors have their source connected to ground or negative , whereas PMOS transistors connect their source to the positive supply. This gate is affected by a voltage level with almost no current flow think of it as a very small capacitor. A bipolar transistor, on the other hand, is activated by a small current flow instead.

Think of static voltage levels as turning the device on or off. The gate inside the MOSFET is a metal oxide over a thin insulation layer the insulation layer can be damaged by static electricity. This construction causes the gate to behave as a capacitor between it and other two terminals. Only a very small amount of current flows to charge or to deplete the gate of an electron charge.

Once the charge has transferred, no further current flows. When the gate voltage is positive with respect to the source terminal for NMOS , the device conducts current between its source and drain terminals turns on. Reduce the gate voltage to ground zero, relative to its source and it turns off. The PMOS device is also sensitive to gate voltage, except that the polarities are reversed. Its source is connected to the positive power supply, so its gate must go negative to turn the device on.

This allows us to see the current flow changes in load resistors R1 and R2. Just before the gate voltage drops to the 1. Shortly after, M1 turns off as the current I R1 drops near zero. As time progresses, we see that this state of affairs remains stable until the gate voltage crosses the threshold again going up. Its source is connected to the supply and feeding current to R2, which is connected to ground.

The gates, however, are connected together and thus see the same input signal. M2 is reacting to the gate voltage relative to its own source terminal, though. M1, on the other hand, sees the gate signal relative to ground where its source is connected. If transistors M1 and M2 were exact complementary matches in the simulation, the transition would have occurred in both at the exact same time.

It should be kept in mind that in real components, the complementary transistors are never perfectly matched. Some difference will always exist. For this reason, there can be regions of overlap, where M1 and M2 are conducting at the same time. We made note of the fact that when one turns on that the other turns off and vice versa.

M2 likewise sees M1 as its load. Under normal circumstances, only M1 or M2 conducts at any instant in time. Resistor R1 is included in the simulation to allow us to measure the current flow. Figure shows the simulation results. At the output labeled Out we see that the voltage switches from off to on, as M1 turns off and M2 turns on at about the 2 ms point.

The output goes low as the signal goes high at 8 ms and and the cycle repeats starting at 12 ms. They produce a low output voltage when the input is high and a high output when the input goes low. Notice the current I R2 spike at 2 ms, nearly mA in this simulation. It is instructive to note, though, that CMOS circuits do have current spikes when the outputs switch state.

Notice the spikes repeat again at 8 ms and 12 ms when the output switches state. The main advantage of the CMOS configuration is that almost no current flows when it is in a steady state. Even a pair tied together has virtually no effect on the driving circuit. Electrostatic charges in the air can collect on the gate circuit conductors and become highly negatively charged. Just having a charged cat walk by in dry weather can induce very high voltages on nearby floating conductors.

Conversely, electrons can be removed from the gate leads, leading to extremely high positive charges, which are equally damaging. This perforation usually results in connection with the silicon, resulting in a device that no longer has an isolated gate.

Even without excessive voltages, unconnected gates can gather charges and become positive one moment and negative the next, resulting in unusual behavior. A pullup or pulldown resistor solves the problem by forcing the gate to remain high or low until driven otherwise. Another reason to avoid floating gates is to avoid high currents. Recall those current spikes shown in Figure This is not only wasteful of power, but could lead to permanent damage and excessive heating.

The GPIO input pins are prevented from floating if you have pullup or pulldown resistors configured. These pullup and pulldown resistors appear to be about 50k ohms in value. These are sufficient to keep the inputs stable at a high or low logic level and yet provide a high input impedance. Be aware, however, that it is possible to configure an input with no pullup or pulldown resistor, which will leave the input floating unless it is otherwise connected.

The provided gp command option -p allows you to configure pullup resistors. Reversed biased diodes and sometimes a resistor is used. Resistor R1 when present is usually a low-value resistor of about ohms. Because normal CMOS signals have almost no current flow, the circuit operates is as if the resistor was not present.

CMOS input protection diodes If the input should go negative, however, the diode D1 begins to conduct and shunts current to ground conduction would begin at about —0.

Resistor R1 limits the current flow to avoid damaging the protection diode. This is the mechanism for discharging negative static charges. This time, R1 limits the current flow through D2. From a design standpoint, you should not count on R1 or the diodes for handling extreme signal swings. These are simply there to prevent static electric charges from damaging the device. If you have sloppy signal swings above or below the the gate limits, you should provide your own signal conditioning.

The reason is simply that the the diodes or resistor might not handle the required current levels. For example, Broadcom does not provide current handling specifications of the GPIO protection diodes. This allows an extended input signal range.

Given that GPIO pins can be configured as inputs or outputs, we need to look at one more potential pitfall related to configuration. The problem is that the GPIO pin might itself be configured as an output at system reset. During the 20 s or so of boot time, the two CMOS outputs are wired to each other and begin a battle of supremacy unless they both agree to be a high or low level.

Once the system is up, the started application can reconfigure the GPIO as an input pin. But by this time, it might be too late. Figure illustrates the conflict.

Two CMOS outputs in conflict The dark airbrushed line shows one potential heavy current flow with output connected to output. Another possible heavy current flow occurs when M2 is on and M3 is on. Either of these possibilities could lead to permanent damage. So the question is this: How do you design for the boot time conflict? It would be very limiting to be restricted to using only the GPIO pins configured as inputs at boot time.

Figure illustrates a simple solution. With R1 installed in the interface, the maximum current that can flow while the GPIO port is misconfigured at boot time is about 3.

This keeps the current flow well within the maximum limits of both devices. Only a very small current flows when the signal changes state due to charging and discharging of parasitic capacitance. Otherwise you could probably use a resistor as high as 10k ohm for R1. Voltages at these levels could read randomly as a logic 0 or 1, and cannot be depended on.

How do they compare with the GPIO signal levels? Because CMOS devices support a wide range of supply voltages, the signal levels are generally understood on the basis of percentages. CMOS Voltage for 3. Because CMOS inputs require no current to drive, the signals are extremely compatible provided that the circuit is not loaded down with extras like an LED being driven.

Because CMOS gates consume almost no current, there is a virtually unlimited fanout capability fanout is the capability of one logic device to drive the inputs of others. Problems begin when you combine logic signals with loads that require current.

With a bit of planning and insight, these problems are easily avoided. Solutions for this problem include the following: 1. Increasing the resistance of R1 to reduce the load this also decreases brightness of the LED. When the Drive0 has a 1 bit configured, there is an additional help of 2 mA drive for a total of 4 mA. If you were to configure Drive2 as a 1 bit, then an additional 8 mA of drive is added, for a total drive capability of 12 mA.

The Raspberry Pi can provide up to 16 mA of total drive. GPIO 0 to 27 8 mA at reset 2. GPIO 28 to 45 16 mA at reset 3. The gp command option -S permits you to change the drive strength for Groups 1 and 2. All inputs must go somewhere. Protect the protection. For static precautions, Lancaster says: Any and all of these methods give good in-circuit protection against static problems. They also will give you good out-of-circuit protection, provided you are reasonably careful with your handling of the devices.

Most lists of rules for handling MOS devices are overdone and introduce more problems than they solve. To take care of MOS circuits, keep them in conductive foam or metal carriers before use, and solder them in place with an ordinary small soldering iron. Make sure your circuits have some sort of input resistor for MOS leads going off the pc board. Figure shows a photo of a low-cost antistatic wristband available from eBay for as little as a dollar.

Insert your hand in the wrist band and then attach the clip to something grounded. This helps to bleed off any static electric charges that might accumulate as you move around. Antistatic wristband Also use common sense with clothing when you know you will be working with these parts. Some synthetic materials are very bad for static electricity. Avoid working on carpets if possible.

Keep them away at all costs, especially in dry weather. One of our cats only had to look at my Pi before it crashed and reset. Summary To the nonelectronics reader, congratulations! The resistor solution permits you to safely use a GPIO pin that might be misconfigured at boot time. This gives you greater freedom in your designs. Finally, the review of logic voltage levels has prepared you for avoiding the pitfall of combining loads with logic signal interfaces.